Effective Capacity Building for Agri-institution Personnel: Tools and Techniques

The training titled "Effective Capacity Building for Agri-institution Personnel: Tools and Techniques," organized by MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management), was aimed at enhancing the competencies of agricultural extension personnel. Dr. Srinivasacharyulu Attaluri, Deputy Director (Knowledge Management) at MANAGE, is a key resource person involved in such capacity-building initiatives.

Brief: The agricultural landscape is undergoing rapid transformation due to the rise of agri-startups that introduce novel approaches for capacity building by Training Institutions while working with farmers in India. MANAGE, EEIs, SAMETIs, SAUs, ICAR Institutes, and KVKs all conduct capacity building, skill development, and technology transfer activities for extension personnel and farmers. They deliver similar content independently, leading to duplication and overlapping of the efforts too.

Book Recommendation: The recommended book, titled "What Every Extension Worker Should Know: Core Competency Handbook" is a comprehensive reference manual created by USAID, Michigan State University, and MEAS (Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services)

Learnings

Innovation requires interactions and information flows among a wide range of actors within the innovation systems through digital technologies. Skill development is a short-term effort focused on improving specific abilities at the individual level, while capacity building is broader and more comprehensive. Capacity building develops people, organizations, and systems for long-term success through skills, governance, partnerships, and resource management. 

Techniques for Capacity Building 

World Café: A participatory group process modeled on butterfly movement and pollination. Participants rotate between small-group tables, sharing and cross-pollinating ideas. This helps generate creative insights, collective intelligence, and actionable outcomes in extension training, simulating the natural pollination processes for spreading and enriching discussions

Visual Facilitation: Engagement strategy using diagrams, mind maps, and visual storytelling during training sessions to simplify complex ideas, promote group learning, and stimulate creative thinking

Design Thinking: Design thinking infuses extension training with creative problem-solving by focusing on user needs, rapid prototyping, and testing. It encourages innovative approaches to addressing farmer challenges, service delivery, and system improvement

Tools for Capacity Building 

1. New Extension Learning Kit - GFRAS

This toolkit contains digital resources and modules for agricultural extension workers. Topics include gender in advisory services, risk mitigation, climate adaptation, rural evaluation, youth mentoring, nutrition-sensitive extension, e-extension, and entrepreneurship. 

2. Micro-Learning / Mobile Learning

Micro-learning delivers short, focused lessons (typically 3–10 minutes) via mobile or digital platforms. These modules are easily accessible, often use videos, infographics, and quizzes, and allow for self-paced, on-demand learning. 

3. MOOCs (agMOOCs and NAARC)

MOOC platforms like agMOOCs by MANAGE and NAARC offer free, open, and flexible courses for lifelong agricultural education. 

4. iGOT KarmaYogi 

This government platform provides online training content and courses for extension professionals. The iGOT KarmaYogi platform is exclusively meant for government officials and civil servants. Access requires registration using an official government email ID or other credentials linked to government employment. 

5. National Skills Qualification Framework - ASCI

ASCI’s skills framework supports modular courses in dairy, fisheries, animal husbandry, farm modernization, and commodity management. ASCI e-Learning Zone is a gateway to agricultural skill development.

*Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH) portal offers a variety of free online courses and skill development programs across multiple sectors, including agriculture. 

6. Agri Games

Agri games offer interactive, gamified modules for learning agricultural concepts like nutrient management. They boost engagement and help users gain practical knowledge through play and simulation

7. Blended Learning – ICAR-IASRI

This platform centralizes digital learning resources, including LMS (Learning Management System), AR/VR studios, video conferencing, online assessments, interactive whiteboards, and learning courses. It aims to increase knowledge retention and learner engagement across agricultural universities.

8. ECHO Platform

The ECHO platform, originally designed for health extension, is indeed being adapted for agriculture and other sectors by integrating resource persons, resource materials, trainers, and creating analytics in a virtual learning environment. 

9.VR/AR-Based Learning

Virtual reality modules such as fish dissection, hydroponics, seed lifecycle, and irrigation are used for immersive, hands-on training at specialized experience centers. 

13 Game-Changing Personal Growth Books to Transform Your Life from The Seen and Unseen Podcast

"The Seen and the Unseen" is India's premier long-form podcast hosted by Amit Varma. The podcast, which has been running since 2017, features long-form conversations with intellectuals, writers, economists, historians, and thought leaders from India and around the world.

Amit Varma is a respected journalist and writer, a two-time winner of the Bastiat Prize for Journalism. The show is renowned for its rich intellectual content and the diversity of its guests, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in public policy, history, culture, or economics in contemporary India. I am only sharing the books recommended related to Psychology  and personal growth: 

1. Four Thousand Weeks — Oliver Burkeman
2. Wanting — Luke Burgis
3. Start With Why — Simon Sinek
4. The Hard Thing About Hard Things — Ben Horowitz
5. Zero to One — Peter Thiel
6. Atomic Habits — James Clear
7. How to Know a Person — David Brooks
8. The Anxious Generation — Jonathan Haidt
9. Good to Great — Jim Collins
10. The Lean Startup — Eric Ries
11. The Goal — Eliyahu Goldratt
12. The Nurture Assumption — Judith Rich Harris
13. Waking Up: A New Operating System for Your Mind — Sam Harris

For readers seeking to dive deeper into the themes discussed on the podcast, the book recommendations serve as a comprehensive guide to engaging with the complex ideas Amit Varma and his guests explore.

AI Prompt Templates for Students

Are you looking for ways to get more out of AI tools like ChatGPT or Gemini, or Perplexity? Let us learn about prompt. A prompt is a written instruction or command that directs the AI to perform a task. Mega-prompts are great when you already have all the information on hand and need a direct output without much back-and-forth. Prompt chaining is useful for more complex tasks that may require clarifications, multiple revisions, or when you need to probe deeper into specific details.

Today, I will share a set of expertly crafted prompt templates designed for making your interactions more productive and your output sharper.  Try these prompts in your next AI query and watch your work improve with better clarity, deeper insights, and faster progress. 

Teaching and Breaking Down Concepts

1. Imagine you’ve spent 20 years mastering [industry/topic]. Explain its fundamentals to a complete beginner, using simple analogies, clear logic, and step‑by‑step breakdowns.
2. Teach me [skill/topic]—use metaphors, stories, and examples. Pause to quiz me so I can test my understanding.
3. Deconstruct [topic] into its essential principles. What must someone know first, and how do these ideas build upon each other?

Collaborative Thinking Partner

1. Act as my strategic thought partner. I’ll share [idea/problem], and I want you to challenge assumptions, uncover blind spots, and help me sharpen it into something far stronger.
2. Help me stress‑test this idea by asking tough questions, highlighting weaknesses, and pushing toward a 10x better version.

Context-Driven Tasks

1. Using [context], generate [output] about [topic] that achieves [goal].
2. From this [context], create a structured summary that highlights key points and their implications for [goal].
3. Break down [context] in plain, accessible language so that even a layperson can follow.

Deeper Analysis and Evaluation

1. Analyze [context] by dissecting its main parts and showing how they connect.
2. Evaluate how well [context] meets [criteria]. Weigh its strengths and weaknesses in this regard.
3. Compare [context A] with [context B]. Highlight core similarities, differences, and any surprising overlaps.
4. Blend features of [context A] into [context B] to achieve [goal].

Improvement and Composition

1. Suggest ways to strengthen [context] so that it better supports [goal].
2. Write a [type of content] that communicates [context] to [audience] in a clear and engaging [style].

Artifical Intelligence (AI) for Inclusive Societal Development - Viksit Bharat 2047

NITI Aayog on October 8 released a pioneering study, AI for Inclusive Societal Development. The roadmap proposes a national mission "Digital ShramSetu" that leverages AI and frontier technologies to overcome systemic barriers faced by informal workers and can be harnessed to transform the lives and livelihoods of India’s informal workers. The five key components of roadmap:

1. Develop a national blueprint
2. Coordinate fragmented stakeholders
3. Catalyse strategic partnerships
4. Translate innovation into impact
5. Provide policy and regulatory support

Ecosystem 

India has one of the largest informal economies in the world, with about 90% of the workforce employed under informal arrangements, contributing nearly half (around 45-50%) of the country's GDP having 490 million informal workers. The informal sector includes unregistered enterprises, self-employed workers, casual laborers, domestic workers, and informal service providers, often lacking social security benefits. India's e-Shram portal, launched in August 2021 to create a National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW), has registered over 30.98 crore unorganised workers as of August 2025.

Migration and urban informal work are intertwined, with informal jobs. The informal sector poses challenges like poor working conditions, job insecurity, and exploitation, especially for migrant workers. Indian MSMEs employing informal workers also suffer on a competitive scale is the quality of talent. Businesses compensate for inferior quality labour with depressed wages which in turn creates an unattractive career pathway; hinders upward mobility; and disincentivizes talent.

Additional Reading: Why do rural enterprises remain small ?

Challenges

1. Harassment of MSMEs by labour inspectors is a reported issue in India, reflecting concerns over misuse of power, frequent inspections, and arbitrary penalties. The complex regulatory environment and multiple overlapping laws cause delays and create opportunities for rent-seeking behaviors from officials.

2. Workers with limited digital literacy become more dependent on intermediaries (officials, cybercafe operators, CSC operators) who can extract rents. This will create new rent-seeking opportunities. Local officials could charge fees for "faster processing" of digital IDs or demand bribes

3.Bureaucrats resist change, preferring to maintain their power and scope. Incentives encourage expanding departments and budgets rather than achieving efficiency. The administrative state centralizes power among unelected officials. The same bureaucrats who struggle with existing schemes will be tasked with implementing AI-powered verifiable credentials and smart contracts. 

4. Drawing from James C. Scott’s work, the discussion delves into how increased state legibility—enabled by systems like Aadhaar and UPI— have enabled government to operate from 2009 to 2024 without Privacy Law. The 15-year gap since Aadhaar’s launch without a privacy framework underscores systemic neglect. India currently lacks a fully enacted constitutional act specifically dedicated to AI regulation akin to the European AI Act.

5. Even if there is motivation in the government at top tiers, there is not always capacity to understand complex technological systems by frontline user.  India's DPI success (UPI, Aadhaar) succeeded because they involved standardized, high-volume transactions with limited discretionary implementation. Digital ShramSetu requires complex, discretionary decision-making at the local level—exactly where Indian state capacity is weakest and most corrupt.

6. Like poverty status, the classification of workers as formal or informal is fluid. Workers may shift between informal and formal employment due to job transitions, gig economy roles, and contractual changes. This fluidity complicates policy design, social protection coverage, and statistical measurements, demanding adaptive, inclusive frameworks.

7. India's skill development ecosystem reveals a systematic corruption pattern that AI implementation could either amplify or mitigate, depending on design choices.

Suggestions

1. AI algorithms can be used to match registered workers with job opportunities in their skill areas and geographic locations, optimizing employment pathways and reducing informality and underemployment. This can be initiated from Polytechniques and ITIs in the initial phase and gradually used for unorganized workers.

2. e-Shram portal must provide AI-facilitated interoperability with other government benefits like UDYAM, e-Pension, post office and healthcare schemes can offer a seamless experience for workers, facilitating holistic social protection. 

3. When an informal worker registered on e-Shram secures formal sector employment, their verified credentials and employment history can be linked to EPF enrollment processes, helping with identity verification, tracking contributions, and ensuring portability of social security benefits.

4. The roadmap assumes informal workers want to transition to formal systems. Application of the technology must necessarily be accompanied by design of transparent processes.  AI can be used for self-certification, digitization of compliance to reduce physical inspections, and stronger grievance redressal mechanisms to protect MSMEs from excessive or unfair enforcement. This is important to create pathways for the informal worker to initiate the journey into an entrepreneur integrated into formal economy. 

5. Labour courts and dispute resolution mechanisms are increasingly exploring the use of AI to improve efficiency, reduce backlogs, and enhance fairness in labour law enforcement. AI can analyze large volumes of workplace cases, assess precedents, and suggest outcomes based on legal principles, helping resolve disputes like wrongful termination more systematically.

6. Rather than voluntary adoption, India can consider sector-by-sector mandatory digitization starting with high-impact areas like contractual workers of PSUs and PM Vishwakarma beneficiaries. 

7. Last but not least, India must separate policymaking, implementation, and oversight functions.  There must be creation of an independent ombudsman systems for digital services and platform involved in gig economy. 

8. The mission should operate in true mission mode: establishing autonomous implementation units at state level with direct resource allocation, hiring authority, and performance accountability, bypassing traditional bureaucratic hierarchies that create implementation bottlenecks.

Global Lessons

Estonia’s government ministries are required to appoint AI officers and create AI implementation plans, effectively making AI adoption in public sector organizations a regulated requirement. In summary, Estonia mandates AI adoption and implementation plan within defined sectors such as education and government administration. Yet, Estonia's digital success required complete administrative restructuring before technology deployment.

Inside Amsterdam’s high-stakes experiment to create fair welfare AI: Even though Netherland Government worked hard to build a fair AI system to detect welfare fraud, the algorithm still showed bias against people with non-Dutch speaking migrants and those with lower incomes. Ethical AI needs ongoing human oversight, community involvement, and understanding that automation has limits when dealing with complex social fairness issue.

Conclusion

India's Digital ShramSetu mission confronts a fundamental paradox: it requires sophisticated state capacity to implement solutions for populations that exist precisely because of weak state capacity. India's Digital ShramSetu mission could indeed be transformative, but success requires acknowledging current limitations rather than assuming technological solutions will overcome social and economic realities. The Digital ShramSetu mission's success depends on recognizing that technology is a governance multiplier, not a governance substitute

Building Inclusive Digital Futures: The Role of Digital Public Goods and Infrastructure

Here is a blog post based on the learnings of Digital Public Infrastructure(DPI) and Good(DPG) for Impact with a special focus on India's digital ecosystem and global perspectives. 

The digital transformation of societies and economies hinges increasingly on foundational systems that provide open, trusted, and interoperable digital infrastructures. Digital Public Goods (DPGs) and Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) are emerging as critical enablers of inclusive growth, transparency, and innovation at scale. This blog dives deep into how these concepts are shaping India’s digital landscape and what lessons the world can learn from India’s pioneering efforts.

The rapid growth of Digital Public Infrastructures (DPIs) and digital platforms is driven by a convergence of policy shifts, technological evolution, and societal demands. At the same time, data-based governance has become central to policymaking, with real-time analytics enabling targeted welfare delivery, fraud prevention, and performance monitoring. These forces, combined with advances in cloud, open-source software, and API-driven architectures, are creating a virtuous cycle of adoption where DPIs and digital platforms are not just tools, but foundational enablers of inclusive, transparent, and efficient service ecosystems.

What Are Digital Public Goods and Infrastructure?

Digital Public Goods (DPGs) are open-source software, data, standards, and AI models that are freely available for anyone to use, adapt, and scale. They serve as building blocks for creating digital services that are inclusive and scalable globally. Examples include India’s Aadhaar biometric identity system, UPI payment platform, and open protocols like Beckn for commerce.

Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) refers to large-scale, interoperable digital platforms built on foundational DPGs that enable ecosystems of public and private actors to deliver services. DPI represents the "railways" or highways of the digital economy—open, shareable, secure, and enabling many-to-many interactions. India Stack, which powers Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, and Account Aggregator frameworks, is a prime example.

India’s Digital Leadership: The India Stack and Beyond

India Stack integrates several layers of DPI, each designed to solve key challenges of identity, payments, data exchange, and commerce:

These layers underpin numerous government and private sector services, creating a robust digital ecosystem promoting financial inclusion, transparency, and new business opportunities.

Emerging Innovations: AI & Language Technology

New digital layers harness AI and natural language processing to serve India’s digitally underserved populations:

1. BHASHINI (Bhasha Interface for India): A multilingual AI-powered language platform offering translation, speech recognition, and voice-enabled digital services across 22 Indian languages, breaking down language barriers and enabling greater digital participation.
2. AI-driven Personalization and Fraud Detection: Embedded in services across healthcare, financial inclusion, and governance, AI models enable predictive analytics, user-tailored experiences, and automated compliance, enhancing service quality and security.

Global Perspectives on Digital Public Infrastructure

Digital IDs generally fall into two categories — foundational and functional — and different countries implement them according to their governance and service delivery priorities.

Foundational digital IDs serve as universal, multipurpose identifiers that legally establish an individual’s identity and enable access to a broad spectrum of services such as banking, healthcare, voting, and welfare. Their primary purpose is to act as the central proof of identity recognized across multiple sectors. Notable examples include India’s Aadhaar, which combines biometric and demographic data to facilitate services like e-KYC and subsidies.

Functional digital IDs are sector-specific and designed to verify eligibility or access within a particular domain rather than serving as a universal identity. They function within defined service areas and often rely on foundational IDs for authentication. Examples of functional IDs include India’s ration card and voter ID, which are primarily used for food subsidies and electoral processes, respectively.

These initiatives underline the global recognition that public digital infrastructure is foundational to modern governance and economic development.

Benefit of Digital Public Goods and Infrastructure

DPG is a public, private, and government read, which means that public citizens and everybody else also participate into building it, maintaining it, and enriching it. And private players make use cases, make business cases out of it, make money out of it, and help to translate those government benefits to the citizens and in turn, making a win-win situation for everyone. As the cost of acquisition goes down in digital mode, and the moment the cost of acquisition goes down, the cost of serving becomes easier for the private companies, for government, and also for citizens to access those services. 

MahaAgri‑AI Policy 2025–2029

India's agricultural transformation is being driven by digital innovation, inclusive finance, and structural reforms. Initiatives like the Digital Agriculture Mission and Agristack are expanding crop intelligence and enabling data-driven decision-making. Technology is being leveraged to increase yields without raising input costs, while AI tools are helping small and marginal farmers manage risks and improve profitability. AI can help in all stages of farming right from predictive analysis of weather/soil to irrigation management and crop health monitoring to dissemination of information and packaging and storage of commodities.

MahaAgri‑AI Policy 2025–2029 approved by the Maharashtra Cabinet in June 2025, is truly a game changer for the agricultural sector due to its bold, technology-driven vision and actionable roadmap. It is India’s first dedicated artificial intelligence policy for agriculture, setting a benchmark for other states and the nation. This is India’s first comprehensive AI policy focused exclusively on agriculture.

Key Goals and Vision: 

• Make Maharashtra a national and global leader in AI-enabled, farmer-centric, and sustainable agriculture.
• Address challenges like low productivity, climate risks, water scarcity, market inefficiency, and lack of real-time decision support.

Major Features

• AI Integration Across the Value Chain: Adoption of AI, GenAI, drones, IoT, remote sensing, and data platforms for precision farming, crop and soil monitoring, water management, and market access.
• Digital Public Infrastructure: Launch of Agricultural Data Exchange (ADeX) for secure data sharing, an AI Sandbox for startups, and a Geospatial Intelligence Engine for climate/crop monitoring.
• Real-Time Advisory Platforms: AI-powered Multilingual “VISTAAR” platform for personalized farmer advisories, integrated with Agristack, Bhashini, and national digital assets.
• Blockchain Traceability: QR code-based blockchain systems for export crops (e.g., grapes, bananas, pomegranates) to improve food safety and trace exports.
• Support for Startups & PPPs: Grants, hackathons, open calls, and public-private partnerships to foster innovation and market-ready solutions.
• Farmer Digital Literacy: Training, fellowships, demo farms, and community outreach to ensure inclusive, confident adoption.
• Governance: Robust oversight with a State-Level Steering Committee, Technical Committee, and a dedicated AI & Agritech Innovation Centre.

Broader Impact: 

• Supports national initiatives such as Agristack, Maha-Agritech, Mahavedh, CropSAPP, and Agmarknet.
• Designed to be inclusive, with special attention to reaching the last-mile farmer and ensuring ethical, responsible AI use.

Implementation Phases

• Phase I (0-3 months): Foundation and institutional setup
• Phase II (3-9 months): Pilot implementation and platform launch
• Phase III (9-12 months): Statewide scale-up
• Phase IV (12-36 months): Consolidation and policy evolution

Budget Allocation (₹500 Crore)

• Digital Infrastructure: ₹50 crore
• AI Projects Support: ₹350 crore
• Innovation Centre Setup: ₹30 crore
• Capacity Building: ₹50 crore
• Global Conference/Summit: ₹20 crore

This comprehensive framework positions Maharashtra as India's first state with a dedicated AI agriculture policy, creating a replicable model for digital transformation in farming. MahaAgri‑AI 2025–2029 is widely seen as a model for India and developing nations in harnessing AI for a sustainable agriculture future.

Books that Shape Ideas: Economics and Public Policy on The Seen and the Unseen Podcast

"The Seen and the Unseen" is India's premier long-form podcast hosted by Amit Varma. The podcast, which has been running since 2017, features long-form conversations with intellectuals, writers, economists, historians, and thought leaders from India and around the world. The podcast is highly recommended to the readers for deep dive into diverse topics with subject matter experts.

The Host, Amit Varma is a respected journalist and writer, a two-time winner of the Bastiat Prize for Journalism. The show is renowned for its rich intellectual content and the diversity of its guests, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in public policy, history, culture, or economics in contemporary India. I am only sharing the books recommended related to economics & public policy: 

Books by Indian authors

1. In Service of the Republic — Vijay Kelkar & Ajay Shah
2. India’s Big Government: The Intrusive State & How It’s Hurting Us — Vivek Kaul
3. Samaaj, Sarkaar, Bazaar: A Citizen-First Approach — Rohini Nilekani
4. The Lost Decade (2008-18): How India’s Growth Story Devolved into Growth Without a Story — Puja Mehra
5. The Third Pillar: How Markets and the State Leave the Community — Raghuram Rajan
6. Easy Money series (3 volumes) — Vivek Kaul
7. Between the Buyer and the Seller — Karthik Shashidhar

These books should be a must read for all the youngsters keen to learn on public policy and all the UPSC aspirants who have to delve into Indian nation building.

Books by International Authors

1. Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology — Chris Miller
2. Where India Goes: Abandoned Toilets, Stunted Development and the Costs of Caste — Diane Coffey
3. Austrian Economics: An Introduction — Steven Horwitz
4. Friedrich Hayek: The Ideas and Influence of the Libertarian Economist — Eamonn Butler
5. The Mystery of Capital — Hernando De Sotov
6. Where Are the Customers’ Yachts? — Fred Schwed Jr.

Classics

1. Free to Choose — Milton Friedman & Rose Friedman
2. A Theory of Justice — John Rawls
3. Capitalism and Freedom — Milton Friedman
4. Individualism and Economic Order — Friedrich Hayek
5. The Road to Serfdom — Friedrich Hayek
6. Economics in One Lesson — Henry Hazlitt
7. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money — John Maynard Keynes
8. Public Opinion — Walter Lippmann
9. Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market — Walter Bagehot
10. The Wealth of Nations — Adam Smith
11. The Theory of Moral Sentiments — Adam Smith

For readers seeking to dive deeper into the themes discussed on the podcast, the book recommendations serve as a comprehensive guide to engaging with the complex ideas Amit Varma and his guests explore.

Book Recommendations by Nikhil Kamath - WTF Podcast

WTF is a podcast series where entrepreneur and Investor Nikhil Kamath hosts friends and industry experts and holds casual yet intellectually stimulating conversations. WTF Podcast is a must-listen for aspiring entrepreneurs, startup founders, stock market investors, early-career professionals, business students, and young professionals eager to understand wealth creation, financial markets, and unconventional thinking. 

Nikhil Kamath’s book recommendations focus on cultivating a mindset of continuous learning, financial literacy, and strategic thinking. Based on my research of Nikhil Kamath's WTF podcast series, here's a comprehensive collection of book recommendations that have emerged from his conversations and personal recommendations:

1. Freedom from the Known by Jiddu Krishnamurti – Breaking mental conditioning and achieving true freedom
2. The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel – Behavioral influences on financial decisions and money mindset
3. The Denial of Death by Ernest Becker – Fear of mortality driving human behavior and accomplishments
4. When Genius Failed by Roger Lowenstein – Collapse of a hedge fund, lessons on overconfidence and failures
5. The Compound Effect by Darren Hardy – Small, consistent actions leading to significant long-term success
6. A History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell – Comprehensive overview of Western philosophical schools and thought
7. Atomic Habits by James Clear – Systematic approach for building good habits and breaking bad ones
8. Meditations by Marcus Aurelius – Stoic wisdom on resilience, discipline, and personal leadership growth
9. Caste by Isabel Wilkerson – Examination of caste systems and social hierarchies globally
10. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari – Human history is shaped by revolutions in cognition and society
11. Source Code by Bill Gates – Insights on technology innovation, philanthropy, and global challenges

Think School’s Book Recommendations

Think School is an outstanding podcast and YouTube channel for anyone passionate about business, strategy, and management for current MBA students, MAT & CAT aspirants, and professionals in the making. Learners get actionable frameworks on business models, startup journeys,  culture building, product-market fit, and competitive strategy directly from those who have built and scaled companies.

The Think School Podcast simplifies complex topics in business, geopolitics, and leadership through engaging storytelling and real-world case studies. Think School recommends the following books that focus on leadership, business mindset, and productivity for personal and professional growth:

Leadership and Purpose

1. Start with Why by Simon Sinek on Leadership rooted in purpose
2. Lean In by Sheryl Sandberg on the challenges women face in leadership
3. The Almanack of Naval Ravikant by Eric Jorgenson on Wealth and Wisdom
4. Culture Code by Daniel Coyle on Unlocking high-performing teams
5. This Is Marketing by Seth Godin on Purposeful marketing philosophy
6. Jab Jab Jab Right Hook by Gary Vaynerchuk on Social Media Storytelling

Negotiation and Influence

1. Never Split the Difference by Chris Voss on Negotiation Mastery
2. Pre-suasion by Robert Cialdini on the Art of influence and persuasion

Business and Entrepreneurship

1. Shoe Dog by Phil Knight is the Memoir of Nike’s founding journey

Personal Growth and Habit Building

1. Deep Work by Cal Newport on Focused productivity
2. Atomic Habits by James Clear on Systematic habit building
3. Hooked by Nir Eyal on Building habit-forming products
4. The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel on the psychological foundation for financial success
5. Factfulness by Hans Rosling — A fact-based worldview to understand global progress.
6. Black Sheep by Brant Menswar — Empowering stories about finding your unique voice.
7. Can't Hurt Me by David Goggins — Overcoming limits through mental toughness and resilience.
8. Meditations by Marcus Aurelius — Stoic wisdom for modern life grounded in mindfulness.
9. Essentialism by Greg McKeown — The disciplined pursuit of less for a meaningful life.

Must Watch Video

“How to Read Effectively Like a CEO?” by Think School (on YouTube) is a must-watch, where they recommend that the goal isn’t speed reading — it’s reading with intent. CEOs read to extract ideas, not just finish pages.

Why Government Schemes Fail? - 3

Over ten years and countless reflections, the third part of "Why Government Schemes Fail?" explores why government schemes often fail at the grassroots level. The first and second of "Why Government Schemes Fail" can be accessed. 

Government schemes are essential tools aimed at uplifting vulnerable populations and promoting inclusive growth. Yet, many schemes fall short of their intended outcomes due to a complex mixture of design flaws, governance shortcomings, and operational inefficiencies. Good policy, like good literature, takes personal lived experience as its starting point. 

Let me start with Scheme Design: The Blueprint for Success or Failure. Policy design is inseparable from governance outcomes. Schemes structured with complex rules, poor monitoring, unclear eligibility criteria, or ambiguous grievance mechanisms open doors to inefficiencies and corruption. Government schemes often lack transparency while in the design. Greater openness and participation before launching schemes can ensure better planning and public trust.  

Bringing together insights from practical experience, internet research, and foundational economic policy thought leaders like Vijay L. Kelkar and Ajay Shah, please find some insights: 

1. Leakage (Inclusion Errors): When benefits reach ineligible individuals, wasting scarce resources and weakening political support for programs.  Governments often focus on reducing leakages because they represent immediate financial losses and corruption. 

2. Exclusion Errors: When eligible individuals remain unserved due to bureaucratic failures and lack of social awareness which hurts the very citizens these schemes intend to help. 

3.  Poor state capacity means that government institutions struggle to properly plan, carry out, and track policies.  Indian states face challenges like excessive power in hand of the few skilled bureaucrats, lack of technical staff, and very poor institutional memory. 

4. Many poorly paid ad hoc staff and officials juggling multiple tasks reduce the overall effectiveness of government. Additionally, frontline workers are often overworked with high workloads, which strains their ability to perform efficiently and weaken government service delivery.

6. Weak incentives for better work hinder efficient government service delivery. Issues like poor monitoring of vendors and delays in payments reduce motivation for timely and quality performance.

7. Poor public procurement procedures in the government add to inefficiencies and reduce accountability. Complex, inconsistent, and bureaucratic procurement rules limit competition, cause delays, and enable corruption through practices like favoritism, bid-rigging, and limited vendor participation. 

8. Elite capture of public policy and bureaucratic dominance in decision-making lead to the control of resources and benefits to serve their own interests. Powerful local elites often sideline the poor, which fosters corruption. The corrupt money is then transferred back to the elites and bureaucrats, perpetuating the cycle.

9. Insufficient integration across government departments leads to siloed implementation. Schemes are often designed for the convenience of departments rather than focusing on the needs of the users. 

10. Schemes do not operate in an apolitical vacuum. Political incentives often favor launching high-visibility programs over investing in challenging, long-term institutional strengthening.

11. Especially, there is an 'ABCD' culture from top to bottom in rights-based services—A stands for Avoid, B for Bypass, C for Confuse, and D for Delay. 

No amount of sensitization can hope to overcome resistance from vested interests. be it of a financial, power, or political nature. The government scheme is doomed to fail but those who have designed the scheme will not be made to own the responsibility for its failures.  In conclusion, it is important to approach case studies based on "success stories" with caution, as they often emphasize positive outcomes while overlooking challenges. There is a lot of talk about an ‘action-oriented government,’ but it often involves dramatic announcements praised by a media that rarely asks follow-up questions. 

Empowering Development Sector Professionals through online learning platforms

Learning is unlikely to take place without first engaging the learner’s desire to learn - Peter Senge. 

In these transformative times, staying competitive requires acquiring relevant and new-age skills. I am committed to ensuring that my team remains ahead of their learning curve, especially as they take on new roles and responsibilities after promotions. Developing a thoughtful inventory of skills allows for effective hiring and performance evaluation.  Investing in skills is essential for upgrading self into a future-fit workforce.  In short, learning is as passive as learning to play chess. 

As a rural manager, I recognize the importance of continuously upgrading skills across a broad spectrum—from technical areas like agricultural practices and data management to essential soft skills such as communication, leadership, and compliance. Online courses provide the flexibility to learn at our own pace and schedule, enabling us to balance learning with our demanding work in the field. I will recommend and explain the rationale behind the following online courses tailored for rural management students, development sector professionals and Government & Public Sector Consultants: 

1. Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and Good (DPG) for Impact: Learn how digital infrastructure can be leveraged to create scalable, inclusive solutions for the public service delivery.

2. AI For Everyone: Understand introductory AI concepts to apply emerging technologies in development programs and prompts. 

3. The Economics of Agro-Food Value Chains: Gain knowledge on the Agri-Food Value chain, improving its competitiveness, producing high quality food and products and aiming to attain greater sustainability. 

4.  Microsoft Power BI Desktop for Business Intelligence: Acquire data visualization skills to analyze the datasets and presentation skills.

5. Business Case for Corporate Sustainability: Explore how sustainable business practices create long-term value for organizations and communities.

6.  Microsoft Excel: Data Analysis with Excel Pivot Tables: Master pivot tables in Excel to efficiently summarize and analyze large data sets, enhancing reporting accuracy and insight.